on p. 322 you suddenly use direction.ToLower' ; what is 'ToLower
and where is ist defined. this is totally confusing

ToLower() is a function of the String class, that converts strings to lower case text. For example, if you have a string variable named strTest, and you did the following statement:

strTest = strTest.ToLower()

The text stored in strTest would be lower case.

Brian