It sounds like you're talking about printer headers and footers in which case Old Pedant is exactly correct. Unfortunately, everything you've heard about web standards has yet to get anywhere near the printer media type. Browsers are starting to agree on display on screen, but even the most modern "ACID2" browsers have appalling CSS support for printer styling. We're still in the 1990s as far as that goes.
If you are refering to header and footers on a webpage, the story is different. Using only HTML there is a simple, but slow technique called server side includes (SSI). You simply write a header, footer, and / or other components in HTML into a file. Then, you add an SSI reference to the main webpage and the HTML snippet in the file gets pasted into that point in the webpage. This is done by the server each time the page is requested which is why SSI does not perform particularly well especially as your website scales up.
Really you want to adopt a templating system. .NET is perfect for this as it gives you a much faster technique for performing the exact same technique as server side includes, user controls. Moreover, these can be used with master pages which are sort of the opposite. You can now write the custom snippets which appear as content of a webpage and identify the master page which those pieces fit into (as if the webpage you're writing is the included file, virtually backwards). These two .NET techniques allow you to meet virtually any templating needs (either to pull a snippet into your webpage [a user control] or to push the webpage into a larger template [a master page]). The results are also cached so that the server does not have to process the code everytime, but only the first.
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