When Promotion is the context node, you can get the type attribute of PromotionHeader as select="ns0:PromotionHeader/@type".
Your inner for each should be
<xsl:for-each select="ns0:PromotionComponent">
because it's selecting relative to the Promotion element.
Read up about the context node and the effect of various constructs on the context. To write path expressions, you always need to know what the context node is at any point.
Michael Kay
http://www.saxonica.com/
Author, XSLT Programmer's Reference and XPath 2.0 Programmer's Reference